In september 2017, boko haram militants kidnapped about 40 young adults, women and children and killed 18 in the town of banki, km southeast of maiduguri, borno state, on the border of nigeria and cameroon. This article places both rebellions in comparative perspective. He states that boko haram and similar groups represent a retreat from the nigeria project, with the state increasingly unable to fulfill its part of the social contract. According to liolio 20, the successful recruitment of the people into the group. The research analysis revealed that the boko haram insurgency has. Jun 06, 2014 boko harams story begins with a preacher named mohammed marwa, born in 1927. One of the main takeaways is that the name is slippery, and applied to a whole grouping of violent groups, ranging from true jihadists to bandits, kidnappers, and other lawless entities in nigeria and surrounding countries. The name boko haram is a hausa name which only the hausa peoples understood and is a compound name comprised of hausa and arabic. Boko haram, a militant group based in nigeria s northwestern states of yobe and borno, claimed responsibility. Nigeria and the lake chad region beyond boko haram i slamist insurgency boko haram has beset north eastern nigeria and the lake chad region over the past eight years and caused more than 20,000 deaths. Jan 30, 2015 a readable overview of the terrorist group boko haram.
Forest jsou report 125 may 2012 joint special operations university 7701 tampa point boulevard macdill afb fl 33621. Confronting the terrorism of boko haram in nigeria forest confronting the terrorism of boko haram in nigeria james j. At about age eighteen, he moved to kano, in what is today northern nigeria, and. Introduction boko haram, a movement claiming to act in the name of is lam, has killed tens of thousands of people in nigeria and the neighboring countries of niger, chad, and cameroon. The struggle against boko haram in southeastern niger is increasingly sharpening local conflicts over access to resources. In recommendation, government supposed to formulate a policy towards the solution. Boko haram s violenceincluding the kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls in borno state, nigeria, in april 2014brought international condemnation and in february 2015 provoked a large regional ct offensive against the group that displaced it from the majority of its strongholds in nigeria. Nigerias battle with boko haram council on foreign. The niger delta militancy and boko haram insurgency pose the greatest security threat to nigeria since the end of the civil war in 1970. The ongoing boko haram conflict in the northeast, cycles of communal violence between pastoralists and farmers, and separatist protests in the south defined nigeria s human rights landscape in 2017. On august 1011, an attack on a mosque in the state of maiduguri left 56 people dead boko haram is largely believed to have been responsible. Nigerias battle with boko haram council on foreign relations. Troops crushe d the rebellion, killing hundreds of followers and destroying the groups principal mosque.
The nickname boko haram was given by local communities to. Islamiyya, or islamic state, in northeastern nigeria. Introduction nigeria is a rich country in both human and. Boko haram, known for mass kidnappings, bombings, and other acts of terrorism, remains an enduring threat to northern nigeria and the lake chad basin. Between june 2014, when boko haram reportedly deployed its first female suicide bomber, and february 2018, about 468 women and girls have been deployed or arrested in 240 suicide attacks, killing. The impact of the boko haram insurgency in northeast. Nonetheless, boko haram remains resilient, conducting.
Second, there was a need to understand the psychological impacts of the boko. The anatomy of a crisis 10 since 2009 boko haram has become a metaphor for insecurity in nigeria after the government launched a clampdown on the group, which resulted in some 800 deaths, mostly of the sect members. An assessment of strengths, vulnerabilities, and policy options 1 introduction the islamist group jamaatu ahl as. Nigerian government to combat the group, boko harams activities continue to spread across the region. Religion remains a huge factor in the nigerian polity, which competes for legitimacy with the state. The movement is unique in that it combines a sectarian, radical islamic agenda with violence. Using two demographic and health surveys from before and after the boko haram insurgency started, a doubledifference differenceindifference. The impact of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national security. He traces boko haram from its beginnings as a small islamist sect in nigeria s remote northeast, led by a babyfaced but charismatic preacher, to its transformation into a hydraheaded monster, deploying suicide bombers and abducting innocent schoolgirls. All contemporary states endeavour to ensure that human rights are. It has made frontpage news worldwide through its abductions of schoolgirls and claimed affiliation to terrorist the islamic state. A boko haram commanders words to a 19yearold mother who was held in sambisa forest, northern nigeria, for four days in april 2014. In late 2018 crisis groups senior analyst for gender azadeh moaveni went to northeast nigeria, which has been the epicenter of the fight between boko haram and the nigerian military, to explore how effectively women formerly associated with the group have been rehabilitated and reintegrated back into society. Nigeria and the lake chad region beyond boko haram policy.
This research examines the relationship between violent conflict and childhood wasting in northeast nigeria, where residents have been subjected to fighting between the nigerian government and boko haram an extremist islamist movement since 2009. Terrorism has taken a new and frightening dimension in nigeria. In late 2018 crisis groups senior analyst for gender azadeh moaveni went to northeast nigeria, which has been the epicenter of the fight between boko haram and the nigerian military, to explore how effectively women formerly associated with the group have been rehabilitated and. Boko haram kidnapped 110 schoolgirls from the government technical girls college in dapchi, yobe, on 19 february 2018. Psychological consequences of the boko haram insurgency. To address the boko haram crisis in nigeria, this study looked at maos theory of revolutionary war as a guide to understand the group. Jihad, commonly referred to as boko haram,1 has emerged as a violent challenger to the authority of the nigerian state.
Boko haram and the islamic states west africa province boko haram emerged in the early 2000s as a small sunni islamic sect in nigeria advocating a strict interpretation and implementation of islamic law, and has evolved since 2009 to become one of the worlds deadliest terrorist groups. In may, president goodluck ebele jonathan suspended the constitution and declared a state of emergency in three states at the northeastern tip of nigeria. Boko haram, jideofor adibe, contributes the first article in the collection. D department of history, adeyemi federal university of education p. This means that maos theory of revolutionary war can be applied to the boko haram crisis in nigeria in order to find more effective methods than have been used so far by the government of nigeria to fight boko haram. Since 2009, the radical muslim movement in northern nigeria known as boko haram has become widely known in western media for both its militant actions and its ultrafundamentalist programme. Facilitate access to credit and land for women, recognising that single females and especially widowheaded households need particular support to restart productive activities, for example in traditional crafts, trade or agriculture. The use of women and children in suicide bombing by the. Islamic caliphate if boko haram can moderate its extremist tactics in order to tap into the vast reserves of antigovernment sentiment and religious fundamentalism in the north.
Boko haram could have a disastrous impact on nigeria s economy. Boko harams violenceincluding the kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls in borno state, nigeria, in april 2014brought international condemnation and in february 2015 provoked a large regional ct offensive against the group that displaced it from the majority of its strongholds in nigeria. The impact of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national. Since 2009 the group has carried out largescale acts of violence. Historical evoulution of boko haram the history and development of boko haram insurgents group in north eastern nigeria can be divided into two phase. The state of insecurity engendered by boko haram insurgency in nigeria. Human rights are among the essentials of democracy and good governance. Ahokegh 20 argued that the activities of boko haram as reaction in desperation, and being it, it is wrongly. Likewise, deaths from boko haram s attacks represented nearly 70 percent of all fatalities from terrorist attacks in nigeria.
Examining the boko haram insurgency in northern nigeria and the quest for a permanent resolution of the crisis joseph olukayode akinbi ph. Boko haram, nigeria s homegrown islamist insurgency. Boko haram is an islamist militant group based in nigerias northeast. In 2002, an offshoot of this youth group not yet known as boko haram declared the city and the islamic establishment to be intolerably corrupt and irredeemable. Likewise, deaths from boko harams attacks represented nearly 70 percent of all fatalities from terrorist attacks in nigeria. A more ominous if less likely outcome could be the somaliazation of nigeria, if boko haram can accelerate nigerias centrifugal forces ethno. The media and boko haram insurgency in nigeria a content. On 2 april, a boko haram attack on the outskirts of maiduguri resulted in the death of 18 people and another 84 wounded. Federal university lafia, nigeria abstract this paper explores the humanitarian impact of terrorism in nigeria from the standpoint of boko haram insurgency. Boko haram formed in 2002 when mohammed yusuf, a wellknown preacher and proselytizer of the izala sect of islam in the maiduguri region of nigeria, began to radicalize his discourse to reject all secular aspects of nigerian society.
State of emergency in nigeria peace at daggers drawn. Understanding nigerian citizens perspectives on boko haram. Emergence of boko haram, causes, impacts of boko haram 1. Hence, this study explored the psychological impacts of boko haram terrorism on nigerian children. Read about nigeria s ongoing battle with insurgent group boko haram and keep track of the latest developments using the global conflict tracker from the council on foreign relations. The history of boko haram boko harams origins lie in a group of radical islamist youth who worshipped at the alhaji muhammadu ndimi mosque in maiduguri a decade ago. Boko haram was reported to have killed 380 people between april and september 2017 in the lake chad area. At about age eighteen, he moved to kano, in what is today northern nigeria, and began a career as a preacher. Religion remains a huge factor in the nigerian polity, which competes for legitimacy with. The threat from boko haram and ansaru the henry jackson society 7 leadership have recently surfaced. Although major military campaigns in 20152016 succeeded in degrading the groups territorial control, boko haram has proven remarkably adaptable in its tactics. Jamaatu ahlis sunnah liddaawati waljihad, yusufiyya, people committed to the propagation of the prophets teachings and jihad, nigerian taliban. Boko haram, an extremist islamist group from northeastern nigeria. Boko haram and the islamic states west africa province.
Boko haram, islamic sectarian movement founded in 2002 in northeastern nigeria. This study adopts poverty theory to examine the threat of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national security. The history of boko haram boko haram s origins lie in a group of radical islamist youth who worshipped at the alhaji muhammadu ndimi mosque in maiduguri a decade ago. Boko haram was reported to have killed 380 people between april. Boko haram reportedly released all but one of the girls by 21 march. The hausa applied the term boko to western forms of education so when the term haram is appended to it the intent is. And where it is denied, life becomes meaningless and hopeless. This paper examines the genesis of the boko haram insurgency in nigeria, its human security impact, the nature and impact of the african union aus response, and the way forward. A more ominous if less likely outcome could be the somaliazation of nigeria, if boko haram can accelerate nigeria s centrifugal forces ethno. Pdf boko haram and human rights violation in nigeria.
Boko haram and its economic consequences fair observer. The manifestation is the incessant use of women and children in suicide bombing by the boko haram terrorist group. Abstract boko haram, the islamic radical sect from northeastern nigeria, has been responsible since 2009 for a string of bomb attacks strategically directed at the nigerian government, security. According to a september 20 house of representatives homeland security committee report, the aqim boko haram collaboration is a mature relationship that allows boko haram an avenue to advance its capability, and. This is against the backdrop of the rising spate of violent attacks. Boko haram, which has killed thousands of people in nigeria through a wave of bombings and assassinations since 2009, is fighting to overthrow the government and create an islamic state. Secondly, freedom onuoha explores boko haram attacks on the telecommunication infrastructure in. The boko haram has come to violently coexist with the people as a consequence of the political confusion in the country that is caused by competition among the political class. In nigeria, boko haram wa s responsible for more than 80 percent of all terrorist attacks between 1970 and 201 3 for which a perpetrator group was identified, despite their relatively recent onset of violence in 2009. Women and the boko haram insurgency crisis group africa report n242, 5 december 2016 page iv 10. The rise of boko haram in nigeria combating terrorism. Mohammed yusuf, an influential islamist cleric from borno state, created the group in maiduguri in 2002. About 3,000 people have been killed by boko haram in nigeria since 2009, with nearly half the number killed in 2012 alone.
In 2015 the group began calling itself islamic state in west africa. The development of a militant religious movement in nigeria roman loimeier abstract. There is no military solution to this insurgency, and the authorities should instead put the emphasis on demobilising militants, solving local conflicts, reinvigorating the economy and restoring public services. Boko haram s story begins with a preacher named mohammed marwa, born in 1927.